Modal Verbs — Simulator 4
Modal Verbs — Simulator 4
Level 4 / 10 • Past Modals • Simple Deduction
Instructions: Choose the correct modal phrase.
This simulator introduces past modals to express
deduction, expectation, or possibility about the past.
Quick Guide:
• must have → strong conclusion about the past
• might have → possible but uncertain past event
• should have → expected action / mild criticism
Form: modal + have + past participle
1. The lights were on, but nobody answered the door. They ___ left already.
- should have
- must have
- might have
- can have
2. I’m not sure why she was late. She ___ missed the bus.
- must have
- should have
- can have
- might have
3. He studied all night. He ___ been exhausted this morning.
- must have
- might have
- should have
- can have
4. She looks surprised. She ___ expected this result.
- must have
- might have
- should have
- can have
5. The report isn’t finished. He ___ started working on it earlier.
- must have
- should have
- might have
- can have
6. I didn’t see him at the meeting. He ___ forgotten about it.
- should have
- must have
- can have
- might have
7. The roads were completely wet. It ___ rained overnight.
- must have
- might have
- should have
- can have
8. He arrived very late. He ___ taken a different route.
- must have
- should have
- might have
- can have
9. She knew the answer immediately. She ___ prepared very well.
- should have
- might have
- can have
- must have
10. I’m disappointed. You ___ told me about the change.
- must have
- should have
- might have
- can have
Your Score
Interpretation:
9–10 = Strong control of past modals
7–8 = Review past modal meanings
≤6 = Repeat Simulator 4
Refresher — Past Modals
- must have → strong past conclusion
- might have → possible past situation
- should have → expected action / criticism
Answer Key
1) must have
2) might have
3) must have
4) should have
5) should have
6) might have
7) must have
8) might have
9) must have
10) should have